2023美西自驾游-再访马蹄湾Horseshoe Bend

March 27, 2023  •  Leave a Comment

马蹄湾(Horseshoe Bend)是科罗拉多河(Colorado River)在亚利桑那州境内的一截U形的河道,也是格兰峡谷(Glen Canyon)其中的一小段。在悬崖峭壁的峡谷中,科罗拉多河于此处神奇地拐了一个270度的大弯,弯曲的河流在眼前就像一个巨大的马蹄铁掌造型,加上一座巨大凸出的红色岩山特别显眼,其形状宛如一只神马的巨蹄,所以称为“马蹄湾”,也有人叫它科罗拉多河的大拐弯。

马蹄湾是地壳运动拱起所形成。地层的拱起运动,给科罗拉多河带来了新生命,提供它以更多的动力去切断侏罗纪年代的砂岩,20亿年的漫长流淌,形成了落差1,000英尺的峡谷。这是我们第二次去马蹄湾了,上次是在8年多以前走Grand Circle美西大环线的时候,印象深刻的是马蹄湾峡谷的雄伟气势,这里有着红色的岩石,被蓝绿色的河水冲刷,景观非常震撼,让人慨叹大自然的鬼斧神工。

从Page往南,沿89号公路行驶不到10分钟,会发现右侧有一个很大的停车场,从这个停车场徒步一英里左右可以抵达蹄铁湾,陡峭的悬崖上方是最佳观景位置。在这个Trail上行走可以看到典型亚利桑那州地貌,裸露的红沙石,低矮的灌木丛。由于干旱,植物都紧紧的贴着地面生长。沿途有些地貌同我们之前游览过的葛兰峡谷比较类似,裸露在地表外红黄色砂岩,由于千万年来的水蚀、风化,砂岩上出现一条条彩色的纹路,奇妙无比。

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继续沿着Trail行走,远远看去,大地上有着几道小裂缝。只有站到悬崖边上,马蹄湾的全貌才会赫然在目。马蹄湾中峡谷岩山的土质因含大量的铁和锰金属,呈现出美丽的金属红色。而切出这个湾的科罗拉多河是翡翠般的绿色,红色的土和绿色的河相得益彰,从颜色上来说非常赏心悦目。

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要想看到壮观的马蹄湾全貌,陡峭的悬崖上方是最佳观景位置。悬崖上方的海拔为4,200英尺,科罗拉多河海拔3,200英尺,落差达1,000英尺。在悬崖顶突出的岩石上,慢慢地爬向悬崖边,将头探出岩石边缘时,马蹄湾峡谷的雄伟气势何等震撼人心。这里也是美国西部风光当中最受摄影爱好者青睐的地方之一。

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与先前在新波浪谷看到的独特波浪形红砂岩地貌有些类似,马蹄湾附近在很久以前有着整片的沙漠,在经过风吹日晒,渐渐形成沙丘。沙丘再经过千年累月越来越密集,结合了矿物成为了层积岩,也被地质学家称为纳瓦霍砂岩(Navajo sandstone)。后来到了大约一千五百万年前,科罗拉多高原隆起,新形成的板块被侵蚀露出了原本的沙丘,在长时间的在水力和风力侵蚀下,便形成我们现在看到的交叉层状,以及悬崖边上的红砂岩上独特的波浪条纹。游客们都非常小心地在悬崖边挪动着脚步,从各个角度欣赏这里壮观而独特的美。

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马蹄湾景点比较原生态,基本没有人工开发的痕迹。1000英尺高的悬崖下,绿色的科罗拉多河围绕着红色的马蹄状岩石,蜿蜒流淌出270度的转角,平静而威严。到了傍晚时分,科罗拉多河水映射出四周岩壁的颜色,夕阳下的马蹄湾深邃中更具魅力。

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