绝美挪威荷兰夏日之旅（十九）荷兰阿姆斯特丹Amsterdam-上
此次2022年8月的挪威荷兰夏日之旅，除了游览风景绝美的挪威之外，在归途中我们还用一天时间顺便游玩了荷兰阿姆斯特丹（Amsterdam）。作为荷兰首都和最大城市，阿姆斯特丹因为拥有美丽的郁金香、浪漫的运河、随处可见的脚踏车、闪烁的钻石、珍贵的艺术珍藏，以及心胸开放的居民，吸引着来自世界各地的观光客。
荷兰在1648年以前先后受到奥地利哈布斯堡王朝和西班牙哈布斯堡王朝的统治，1568年爆发了反抗西班牙统治的荷兰独立战争。从西班牙获得独立之后，荷兰发展成为17世纪航海和贸易强国。荷兰的商船数目超过欧洲所有国家商船数目总和，被誉为“海上马车夫”。荷兰在世界各地建立殖民地和贸易据点。这段时期在荷兰被称为“黄金年代”。
整个荷兰约四分之一的国土在海平面以下，而阿姆斯特丹是一座地势低于海平面1-5米的“水下城市”，城里河网密布，有“北方威尼斯”之称。全市共有160多条大小水道，由1000余座桥梁相连。漫游城中，桥梁交错，河渠纵横。从空中鸟瞰，波光如缎，状似蛛网。阿姆斯特丹人居水上、水入城中，人水相依，景自天成。独特的景观使阿姆斯特丹的旅游业十分发达，阿姆斯特丹又是欧洲文化艺术的名城。城内60多座各类美术、艺术博物馆，使阿姆斯特丹堪称艺术的殿堂。
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阿姆斯特丹的自行车文化也非常独特。这座城市有大约80万辆自行车，是世界上自行车数量最多的城市之一。人们可以在城市中穿梭，沿着自行车道欣赏城市的美景。阳光照耀着平静的运河和栏杆边的自行车，为这座城市平添了一种庸懒的气息。
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阿姆斯特丹的名字Amsterdam是源自Amstel dam，意思是Amstel河上的水坝。这也表明了该城市的起源：一个位于Amstel河上的水坝，即今水坝广场。12世纪晚期一个小渔村建于此，而后由于贸易的发展，在荷兰黄金时代一跃而成为世界上重要的港口。17世纪是阿姆斯特丹历史上的黄金时代，阿姆斯特丹是当时世界上最重要的港口和银行业中心，拥有世界上最古老的证券交易所。在阿姆斯特丹中心区域熙熙攘攘的大街上行走，可以充分感受到这座现代都市的活力与商业气息。
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阿姆斯特丹的有轨电车网络，其历史可追溯到1875年。阿姆斯特丹的电车覆盖范围极广，主要覆盖市中心，十分方便游客到各主要景点游玩。蓝白两色的电车十分显眼，车上装有铃铛，用来提示电车行驶时周围的行人和骑行的人注意避让。
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阿姆斯特丹作为世界著名旅游城市和国际大都市，在最新的权威机构世界城市名册（GaWC）中名列欧洲第三，仅次于伦敦和巴黎。这座城市在19世纪初成为荷兰王国的首都，但只是王宫的所在地，中央政府仍设在海牙，这在世界各国的首都中，是独一无二的。
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辛格鲜花市场（Bloemenmarkt）是世上唯一的水上花市，其实是由辛格运河（Singelgracht）上的20间船屋串连而成。花市内的花店，便直接开在辛格运河上，风景独特。每逢花季，花市内都会售卖着各式的郁金香，热闹非常。除了花店外，花市内亦开有多家纪念品店，是逛街的好地方。
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水坝广场（Dam Square）位于阿姆斯特丹老城区的中心，阿姆斯特河曾经流经广场，所以河上的第一个水坝就建在这里，水坝因此而得名。现在的水坝广场，是市中心的集散点，经常举办如嘉年华的不同活动，平常也是热闹非常。广场的周围是市内多幢的重要建筑，当中包括阿姆斯特丹王宫与新教堂，是每个游客必会到访的地方。虽然水坝广场面积不大，但人气很旺，以广场为中心向外延展出许多著名的景点，广场上有各种街头艺人、鸽子和马车，非常热闹。
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阿姆斯特丹城区大部分低于海平面1～5米，称的上是一座"水下城市"，全靠坚固的堤坝和抽水机，才使得城市免遭海水淹没。过去的建筑物几乎都以木桩打基，全城有几百万根涂着黑色柏油的木桩打入地下14～16米的深处，如王宫就建在13659根木桩上。作为欧洲旅行者最受欢迎的城市之一，这里的运河风光，自行车旅行，游人如织的各种风景，让前来这里的游客忍不住拿起相机来记录下这些美好的时刻，感受这座城市的独特风景。
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阿姆斯特丹的运河，贯穿了整个老城区，是这城市最具标志性的景色。市内的运河，原本是用作以水路方式运送货物，是阿姆斯特丹从前作为国际贸易中心的历史印记。阿姆斯特丹的运河总长度超过100公里，拥有大约90座岛屿和1500座桥梁，主要的三条同心环形运河——绅士运河（Herengracht）、皇帝运河（Keizersgracht）和王子运河（Prinsengracht）——沿岸主要为住宅区，一层一层，天气好的时候，沿河的建筑、花园简直风景如画。
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Comments
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Each circumstances can flip into lifelong issues that would shorten your lifespan. For all its distinctive advantages and the fact that this is a hormone we naturally produce, HGH sure does come with some vital risk factors if you use it exogenously. Taking too much HGH and taking it for prolonged durations can potentially result in some extreme and scary health points. By taking GHRH in its pharmaceutical kind, you get a more even and regular release of HGH. This contrasts with the spike in HGH that can occur when taking pure exogenous development hormone. Somatostatin, the expansion hormone inhibiting hormone peptide, prevents a blood sugar increase by inhibiting the release of HGH.
This is a hardcore cycle for advanced users because Tren has some extreme side effects to cope with. HGH is a brilliant, supportive, and synergistic hormone to use with steroids due to the wonderful synergy they have and differing mechanisms of motion. HGH will enhance and build upon the effects of steroids, helping you to get even more out of a cycle. Low doses of HGH may be very efficient for the new person or those just wanting to experience some advantages (like better pores and skin, hair, restoration, and sleep) without going overboard. 2iu is an excellent introduction to HGH and can permit you to consider the advantages and disadvantages. Anti-aging is one other area the place HGH can have some powerful benefits, and it is among the causes many individuals will choose to make use of HGH regardless of whether they are bodybuilders or athletes or not.
TRT is a more natural approach to boost testosterone ranges, but it will not be as efficient for some folks. In our experience, the above results are typical of the first Anavar cycle in females, inflicting vital fats loss and moderate increases in muscle mass. Enhancements in muscle hypertrophy are reflected within the user’s 2 kg weight acquire, regardless of reducing her physique fats percentage. The long-term health impacts of using excessive doses and common cycles of anabolic steroids, including Testosterone Enanthate, are not nicely understood or studied. Nonetheless, medical authorities do warn that long-term misuse of steroids can put people vulnerable to severe health circumstances like kidney failure, coronary heart assault, or stroke. A solid slicing strategy is to stack two of the best cutting steroids, Masteron and Winstrol, with Testosterone Enanthate. Nebido will present all the identical benefits and effects that you simply experience with some other testosterone steroid, but they will take for a lot longer to begin out taking place.
A greater protein consumption helps preserve lean tissue throughout chopping and supports hypertrophy when coaching depth is high. Injectable cycles typically final 8–12 weeks, and it's generally stacked with Testosterone Enanthate to mitigate suppression and help anabolic synergy. Once More, this comes right down to cost and the ability to source LEGITIMATE or top-quality generic HGH kits (of which there are very few).
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Anavar is understood for its low androgenic activity and moderate anabolic results, which contribute to its functionality to advertise muscle development with out significant unwanted effects. This steroid is commonly favored for its minimal impression on liver toxicity and its ability to take care of lean muscle mass. Firstly, they both have the potential to boost muscle development and improve strength when used in mixture with a correct food plan and exercise program. Secondly, both steroids have been proven to increase protein synthesis and nitrogen retention, leading to a rise in muscle mass. Dianabol is thought to cause water retention, pimples, gynecomastia, hair loss, and testosterone suppression.
Frequent unwanted side effects of Anavar and Dbol embrace liver toxicity, hypertension, and cholesterol imbalances. By staying aware of those potential points and addressing them promptly, you possibly can mitigate any negative impacts on your well being and well-being. As somebody cautious about what goes into my physique, I have spent a considerable period of time researching and looking for alternatives to Anavar and Turinabol.