美西南巨环之旅(六)石化林国家公园Petrified Forest

August 13, 2016  •  Leave a Comment
从Sedona继续向西前行,下一站是位于亚利桑那州东部,四十号州际高速公路边上的石化林国家公园(Petrified Forest National Park)。

这里有世界上保存最完好的石化森林,147平方英里的石化林为我们开启了认识几亿年前地球环境的窗口。这些史前林木,约在1.5亿年前的三叠纪年代被洪水冲刷裹带,逐渐被泥土、砂石和火山灰掩埋。几经地质变迁、沧海桑田,陆地上升,使这些埋藏在地下的树干得以重见天日。在地层中,树干周围的化学物质如二氧化硅、硫化铁、碳酸钙等在地下水的作用下进入到树木内部,替换了原来的木质成分,保留了树木的形态,经过石化作用形成了木化石。这里是全世界彩色木化石分布密度最大的地区之一,这些木化石大都形成于2亿多年前,古树中的木质成分多被石英取代,而留在树干中的石英呈现彩虹般的色调。数以千计的树干化石倒卧在地面上,直径平均在1米左右,长度在15-25米之间,最长达40米。石化的树木年轮清晰、纹理明显,宛如碧玉玛瑙夹杂着片片碎琼乱玉,在阳光之下熠熠发光,使人眼花缭乱,叹为观止。

公园北部的著名景点是彩绘沙漠(Painted Desert)。彩绘沙漠并非沙丘组成,实际上主要是质地比较松散的岩层。彩绘沙漠的奇异景致最早是由来次探险的一群西班牙探险家发现的。他们惊诧于这里的岩石呈现出的宛如七色彩虹一般多彩、明快的色调,于是给这片岩石地取名彩绘沙漠。在这里阳光、沙子和岩石营造出种种眩目的色彩与图案,使得原本平淡无奇的荒丘顷刻间色彩斑斓、情趣盎然,犹如绚丽多彩的现代派绘画。



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