继续第四天上午的行程,离开黛提瀑布(Dettifoss)以及附近的环形瀑布(Selfoss),沿着862号公路返回1号环岛公路,向西直奔米湖(Myvatn)地区游览克拉夫拉火山(Krafla),火山口湖(Viti Crater)以及附近地热谷(Námafjall Hverir)。米湖是冰岛北部的一个浅水湖,位于阿克雷里(Akureyri)以东约90公里,是冰岛第四大湖,也是自然保护区,面积37平方公里,位于欧洲和美洲地理分界贯穿冰岛全国的大裂缝上,火山活动频繁。大约2300年前,一次剧烈的火山喷发,玄武岩熔岩大量喷发而形成了如今的米湖地貌。米湖地区地貌相当独特,有着世界上最像月球的地貌,保存了完整的火山地理景观,包括地热、间歇性喷泉、火山口等。
首先在米湖地区游览的是克拉夫拉火山(Krafla)以及火山口湖(Viti Crater)。这座位于冰岛北部的火山,火山口直径约10公里,高度818米,曾爆发29次。最近一次喷发是1980年,静静的火山口已经变成了一池湖水,安静的让人无法想象当年热血沸腾的样子。自1977年起,这个地区的地热能为一间克拉夫地热发电厂(Krafla Power Station)提供60兆瓦电力。这座电厂是冰岛第一座地热发电厂,所以承载着冰岛的新能源方面的很多历史意义。北部的阿克雷里、胡萨维克等城市都要依靠这家电厂。电厂建设的这片区域在地理上被称为克拉夫拉热气田,地下水温最高有270℃,是发电的廉价能源,走进电厂区域可以闻到空气中弥漫着的臭鸡蛋气味。
地热电厂旁边就是Viti Crater火山口湖,viti在冰岛语里面的意思是“地狱”,这是一个由于火山积水而形成的冰蓝色的火山湖。停车场走到湖边只有几十米远,可以沿着火山口,环湖走一圈,从各角度去欣赏它。在火山口还以看到克拉夫地热发电厂的全貌以及地热冒出的白烟,远眺附近几座火山如同月球表面的地形,美国宇航员曾在出发前,来到此地进行登月的模拟训练。火山口的湖水很蓝,跟天空的颜色相衬托,周围风光配上清澈湖水,非常美丽。碧蓝色的湖水像是镶嵌在火山里的一块瑰宝,深邃迷人。
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离开火山口湖(Viti Crater)向南行驶大约10分钟车程的地热谷(Námafjall Hverir)也是米湖周边的超人气景点,位于1号环岛公路旁边,基本上只要来到米湖旅游就不可能错过它。米湖地区由于位处板块交接处,所以地底活动频繁,也造就出丰富的火山及地热。这个Hverir地热谷就位于米湖东北边不远处,形成于约2500年前。从停车场远远就会看到整片正在冒烟的大地,而靠近之后的滚烫泥浆池与空气中传来浓厚硫磺味。据说地底下的温度超过摄氏200度,可想而知这里几乎不可能有任何绿色植物能够生存。由于受到地表下的高温,以及火山活动所遗留的矿物质化学作用影响,这里的地表不再是单纯的土黄色,而是有黄色、灰色、白色等多种深浅不一的丰富景观,配合地热谷白色的滚滚蒸汽和灰色不断翻滚的泥浆,仿佛是来到了火星的感觉。
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