美西八日之旅（四）宾汉峡谷铜矿 Bingham Canyon Mine
6月29日清晨，我们参观了世界上最大的露天铜矿－宾汉峡谷铜矿。宾汉峡谷铜矿位于犹他州盐湖城附近的奥克尔(Oquirrh)山脉，这处矿坑深1200米，宽4000米，面积有7.7平方公里，是在外太空可见的人造景观之一，其大小可以想象。1906年开采时，这里还是一座大山。100多年来，从这儿挖走的60亿吨矿石中，不仅提炼出大量的铜，还提炼出相当数量的金、银和钼。现在，这里原先的大山不见了，取而代之的是一个巨大的螺旋式矿坑，而挖出的矿石废渣堆成了连绵起伏的人造黄土高原。如今，它的规模还在不断扩张。
随着科技的发展，宾汉峡谷铜矿的开采和冶炼技术不断地改进，现在用的挖掘铲车，一个铲斗即可装55吨矿石，然后装入容量190吨的巨型卡车，运到传送带处，输送到冶炼厂。这些矿石的平均含铜量为0.6%，粉碎、水选后含量达到28%，经过热熔提炼达到98%。最后再进行电解，精炼成纯度达99.98%的铜，同时将金、银、钼等贵金属分离出来。100多年来，这个铜矿制造了近2000万吨的铜制品和为数可观的金、银、铂等副产品。
铜矿的经营开发者kennecott从2006年开始对公众开放铜矿，欢迎游客参观。除了让大家看到这个大铜矿的面貌外，在Visitor center里同时也介绍铜的冶炼，铜的种种用途，整个铜矿的历史与未来等等。
站在山顶上看矿车，感觉像个玩具，可实际上，它的轮胎就有两个人那么高，仅仅每个轮胎就造价3万美元。
最后两张全景图（点击可以看到全幅），可以一堵大矿坑的全貌。
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